主述位切分与翻译
【摘要】:
本文利用韩礼德的系统功能语法理论,对英语和汉语的主述位结构予以了对比分析,总结出主述位切分之于英汉互译之裨益。
文章第一部分简要介绍了研究背景,论证了用系统功能语法研究汉语的可行性及主述位理论描述语言的方法,表明用主述位理论描写汉语具有实用价值,并界定了四个术语:主位、述位、主题和话题。
第二部分对文献做了综述,说明韩礼德模式更可取的原因。论文仅提到与本文相关的学者及其作品。对于英语主述位的研究,多数学者尽管做了一定的修正,但基本上追随韩礼德。而学者们对汉语主位的研究并不系统。多数学者研究主述位在翻译中的应用时侧重两种语言在该结构上的重合,这一点并不全面。
第三部分进行对比。对比涉及两个层面:小句层和语篇层。前者相当复杂,用了七部分:简单主位,主位与语气,其它特征的主位,多重主位,句项主位,述谓化主位,非独立小句、不完全小句和省略小句的主位。其中主位与语气部分做了详细讨论,因为英汉语言在很多方面既有相似处,又有不同点。对比表明汉语在体现语气时主位的选择要复杂得多。因此,汉语与英语主位结构相似之说过于乐观,应充分注意到二者之间的差别。至于小句层面,论文举例说明了七种主位推进模式。尽管汉语不象英语那么依赖衔接手段,但主位推进模式大体与英语类似。
第四部分对对比结果予以了总结。结果表明英汉语言在主位结构方面异同并存。区别主要存在于感叹、疑问及祈使语气的体现中。因此,在翻译时,译者最好考虑到两种语言主位结构的不同选择,不要象某些学者那样生搬硬套。
第五部分列举了翻译时采用主位结构的优势:有助于区分某些句意的细微差别,理解原文,以及使译文衔接更自然,内容更连贯。
最后一部分补充说明对比结果与预先的假设并不一致。提出任何方法,只要有利于汉语及翻译研究,均是可取的。
【关键词】:主位 述位 对比 翻译
【学位授予单位】:西北师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2002
【分类号】:H315.9
【DOI】:CNKI:CDMD:2.2002.122595
【目录】:
【学位授予单位】:西北师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2002
【分类号】:H315.9
【DOI】:CNKI:CDMD:2.2002.122595
【目录】:
- Acknowledgements2-8
- 中文摘要8-9
- 英文摘要9-11
- 1 Introduction11-18
- 1.1 Research background11-12
- 1.2 A brief introduction to Theme-Rheme approach12-13
- 1.3 Feasibility of Functional Grammar in Chinese study13-15
- 1.4 Definitions of Terms15-18
- 2. LiteratureReview18-30
- 2.1 Theme/Rheme division in different schools18-20
- 2.1.1 ThePrague School18-19
- 2.1.2 Hallidayan School19-20
- 2.2 Why Hallidayan School20-21
- 2.3 Applicationin English21-24
- 2.3.1 Halliday21-22
- 2.3.2 Brown and Yule22-23
- 2.3.3 Huang Yan23
- 2.3.4 Huang Guowen23-24
- 2.4 Applicationin Chinese24-28
- 2.4.1 Charles.Li24-25
- 2.4.2 CaoFengfu25
- 2.4.3 Xu Shenghuan25-26
- 2.4.4 FangYan26
- 2.4.5 Hu Zhuanglin26-27
- 2.4.6 Zhu Yongsheng27
- 2.4.7 Ping Alvin Leong27-28
- 2.5 Application in Translation28-29
- 2.5.1 Chen Yongyi28
- 2.5.2 PeterNewmark28
- 2.5.3 XiaoQun28-29
- 2.5.4 Liu Shicong and Yudong29
- 2.6 Statement of purpose29-30
- 3. Discussion30-73
- 3.1 Theme and Rheme on clause level30-73
- 3.1.1 Simple Themes30-32
- 3.1.2 Themeand Mood32-52
- 3.1.2.1 Theme in declarative clauses32-40
- 3.1.2.1.1 Theme conflates with Subject32-33
- 3.1.2.1.2 Personpronouns33
- 3.1.2.1.3 Adverbial groups33-36
- 3.1.2.1.4 Adjective groups36
- 3.1.2.1.5 Prepositional phrase36-37
- 3.1.2.1.6 Complement37-40
- 3.1.2.1.7 V+(O)40
- 3.1.2.1.8 Conjunction40
- 3.1.2.2 Theme in exclamatory clauses40-42
- 3.1.2.3 Theme in interrogative clauses42-48
- 3.1.2.3.1 Yes/Noquestion44-47
- 3.1.2.3.1.1 Ma-question44
- 3.1.2.3.1.2 Surmise question44-45
- 3.1.2.3.1.3 A ffirmative-Negative question45
- 3.1.2.3.1.4 A declarative clause ending with a question mark45-47
- 3.1.2.3.2 As for the Theme in a WH-interrogative47-48
- 3.1.2.4 Theme in imperative clauses48-52
- 3.1.2.4.1 The first type48-51
- 3.1.2.4.2 In the second type51-52
- 3.1.3 Other char acteristic Themes52-67
- 3.1.3.1 Typically Thematic:Conjunctive and Modal Adjuncts52-54
- 3.1.3.1.1 Conjunctive(Discourse)Adjuncts52-53
- 3.1.3.1.2 Modal Adjuncts53-54
- 3.1.3.2 Obligatorily Thematic:conjunctions and relatives54-58
- 3.1.3.2.1 Conjunctions54-57
- 3.1.3.2.2 Rlatives57-58
- 3.1.4 MultipleThemes58-60
- 3.1.4.1 Identification of the Theme58-59
- 3.1.4.2 The textual components of theTheme59-60
- 3.1.4.3 The components of the interpersonal Theme60
- 3.1.5 Clausesas Themes60-62
- 3.1.6 Predicated Themes62-64
- 3.1.7 Theme in dependent,minor and elliptical clauses64-67
- 3.1.7.1 Dependent clauses64-66
- 3.1.7.2 Embedded clauses66
- 3.1.7.3 Minor clauses66
- 3.1.7.4 Elliptical clauses66-67
- 3.1.7.4.1 Anaphoric ellipsis66-67
- 3.1.7.4.2 Exophoric ellipsis67
- 3.2 On discour selevel67-73
- 3.2.1 Constant Progression68
- 3.2.2 Linear Progression68-69
- 3.2.3 Parallel Progression69-70
- 3.2.4 Crossing Progression70
- 3.2.5 Alternating Progression70-71
- 3.2.6 Split Progression71
- 3.2.7 Free Pattern71-73
- 4. Results of contrast73-81
- 4.1 Simple Themes73
- 4.2 Theme and Mood73-76
- 4.2.1 Declarative73-74
- 4.2.2 Theme in exclamatory clauses74-75
- 4.2.3 Theme in interrogative clauses75-76
- 4.2.4 Theme in imperative clauses76
- 4.3 Other char acteristic Themes76-77
- 4.3.1 Conjunctive(Discourse)and Modal Adjuncts76-77
- 4.3.1.1 Conjunctive Adjuncts76
- 4.3.1.2 Modal Adjuncts76-77
- 4.3.2 Obligatorily thematic:conjunctions and relatives77
- 4.3.2.1 Conjunctions77
- 4.3.2.2 Relatives77
- 4.4 Multiple Themes77-78
- 4.4.1 The textual components of the Theme77
- 4.4.2 The components of the Interpersonal Theme77-78
- 4.5 Clausesas Themes78
- 4.6 Predicated Themes78-79
- 4.7 Theme in dependent,minor and elliptical clauses79
- 4.8 Thematic Progression in discourse79-80
- 4.9 Conclusion80-81
- 5. Advantages of Theme-Rheme Division in Translation81-92
- 5.1 Onclauselevel81-86
- 5.1.1 Helpful in distinguishing slight differences of some sentence meanings81-83
- 5.1.2 Helpful in understanding source language83-86
- 5.2 Advantage on discourse level:discourse cohesion and coherence86-92
- 6. Concluding Remarks92-93
- Notes93-96
- Bibliography96-106
- Appendix106-109
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